What campaign, led by Nelson Mandela in 1952, aimed to challenge the pass system in apartheid South Africa?

The campaign led by Nelson Mandela in 1952 that aimed to challenge the pass system in apartheid South Africa is the Defiance Campaign. This pivotal initiative sought to challenge unjust laws through nonviolent civil disobedience. The pass system was a key component of apartheid legislation that restricted the movement of black South Africans, requiring them to carry passbooks that dictated where they could live and work.

The Defiance Campaign was strategically significant as it mobilized widespread grassroots support against apartheid laws, including the pass laws, by encouraging individuals to defy these regulations peacefully. It marked a shift in the approach to resistance in South Africa, promoting collective action and unity among various racial groups against oppression. The campaign not only sought to dismantle the pass system but also inspired future activism and laid the groundwork for subsequent anti-apartheid movements.

While the Freedom Charter and the Anti-Pass Campaign relate to broader themes of resistance against apartheid, the specific focus on the pass system during 1952 distinctly aligns with the goals and activities of the Defiance Campaign. The Revolutionary Campaign does not specifically pertain to the events or strategies employed during that period, making it less relevant to the question.