What organization was formed by black Africans in 1912 to fight for their rights?

The organization formed by black Africans in 1912 to fight for their rights is the African National Congress (ANC). Founded in response to the systemic injustices and racial discrimination prevalent in South Africa, the ANC aimed to unite black South Africans and advocate for their political, social, and economic rights. Over the decades, it became the leading force in the struggle against apartheid, mobilizing protests, advocating for civil rights, and ultimately leading to negotiations for a democratic South Africa. The ANC has a pivotal role in shaping the modern political landscape of the country, emphasizing the importance of representation and equality for all citizens.

Other organizations listed, like the Pan-African Congress and South African Indian Congress, played significant roles in broader civil rights movements but did not specifically represent black Africans' interests in the same foundational way as the ANC. The Black Consciousness Movement emerged later in the 1960s and 1970s, primarily as a response to apartheid, focusing on psychological liberation and empowerment rather than being the initial organization formed for black rights.