What organization was founded in 1912 with the goal of obtaining equal voting and civil rights for black South Africans?

The organization founded in 1912 with the goal of obtaining equal voting and civil rights for black South Africans is the African National Congress (ANC). The ANC was established in response to the systemic racial discrimination and disenfranchisement that black South Africans faced under colonial and apartheid rule. Initially, its focus was on advocating for the rights of black people within the framework of the South African legal system, aiming for reform rather than outright revolution.

The ANC played a pivotal role in the struggle against apartheid, transitioning from a more moderate approach in its early years to implementing mass mobilization strategies and eventually adopting more militant tactics, especially after the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960. The organization became a symbol of resistance and was crucial in uniting various groups to fight for liberation and equality.

The other organizations mentioned were also important in the history of South African activism. The South African Native National Congress can be seen as a predecessor to the ANC, established earlier with similar objectives. The Pan Africanist Congress emerged later in 1959, emphasizing African nationalism and a more radical approach. The Black Consciousness Movement arose in the 1960s and 1970s, focusing on psychological liberation and self-identity among black South Africans, but it came into