What was the literal meaning of “Umkhonto we Sizwe”?

"Umkhonto we Sizwe," which translates to "The Spear of the Nation," was the name adopted by the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa. Founded in 1961, this organization was created in response to the increasing oppression and violence against black South Africans during the apartheid regime. The term "spear" symbolizes a weapon that stands for resistance and the fight for freedom, reflecting the organization's commitment to defending the rights of the oppressed population against the injustices of apartheid.

The significance of using "Nation" in the name indicates a collective identity and aspiration for national liberation, highlighting the goal of uniting various groups under a common cause against colonialism and racism.

The other options, while evocative of various aspects of resistance or struggle, do not accurately convey the specific meaning of "Umkhonto we Sizwe." The name chosen specifically underscores the idea of active resistance and fighting for national sovereignty, making it a powerful emblem of the struggle against apartheid.