Which significant event triggered protests and opposition during the apartheid era in South Africa?

The answer reflects the fact that each of the listed events played a crucial role in sparking protests and opposition during the apartheid era in South Africa. The introduction of the Bantu Education Act was particularly significant as it aimed to enforce a separate and inferior educational system for black South Africans, which incited widespread discontent and mobilization against the oppressive policies of apartheid.

The establishment of the apartheid system itself was a foundational event that institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination, causing significant societal unrest and opposition as various groups, including the African National Congress (ANC) and other liberation movements, began to organize resistance.

Implementation of the pass laws further exacerbated tensions by controlling the movement of black South Africans, requiring them to carry passbooks. This not only restricted their freedom but also served as a symbol of the oppressive nature of the apartheid regime, leading to protests and mass resistance.

In recognizing that all these events contributed to the growing opposition and protests against apartheid, the choice of "All of the above" illustrates the interconnectedness of these significant historical moments in shaping the struggle for freedom and equality in South Africa. Each event laid the groundwork for collective action and mobilization, ultimately fueling the larger anti-apartheid movement.