Who led the breakaway group from the ANC to form the PAC?

The correct answer is that the breakaway group from the African National Congress (ANC) that formed the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) was led by Robert Sobukwe. Sobukwe was a prominent political figure and a strong advocate for Africanist ideologies, which emphasized a focus on the needs and rights of black South Africans and a rejection of multiracial compromises that were favored by some factions within the ANC.

In the early 1960s, there was a growing divide within the ANC over strategies and visions for achieving liberation from apartheid. Sobukwe and his supporters believed that the ANC had become too moderate and wanted a more radical approach to the struggle against racial oppression. This culminated in the formation of the PAC in 1959, which emphasized an Africanist perspective and aimed to mobilize black South Africans to reclaim their rights and land.

The other individuals listed had different roles and significance within the ANC or the broader struggle against apartheid. Nelson Mandela was a key leader of the ANC and was focused on a strategy of non-violent protest followed by armed resistance later on. Chris Hani was a leader in the ANC’s armed wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe, and became prominent in the later anti-apartheid struggle.